2 See Alden A. Mosshammer, The Chronicle of Eusebius and Greek ChronographicChronographic Tradition (Lewisburg, PA, 1979), 38, 61, 62—63, 75. Barnes, “Eusebius of Caesarea,” Expository Times 120 … 'Eusebius of Caesarea's Commentary on Luke: Its Origin and Early History', HTR 67 (1974), 63. But there were two other virgins in the same city of Antioch who served God in all things, and were true sisters, illustrious in family and distinguished in life, young and blooming, serious in mind, pious in deportment, and admirable for zeal. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon.He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of … Verdoner already maps the History‘s apologetic strategies and targets in “Transgeneric Crosses. “The Date of Eusebius’ Historia Ecclesiastica.” Journal of Theological Studies 41 (1990): 111–123. And this was done to them. Eusebius The Church History Uploaded By Agatha Christie, the church history greek latin historia ecclesiastica or historia ecclesiae of eusebius the bishop of caesarea was a 4th century pioneer work giving a chronological account of the development of early christianity from the 1st century to the 4th centuryit was written in koine greek and This was the 1Oth and final persecution They then listened to her advice. It was written in Koine Greek, and survives also in Latin, Syriac and Armenian … None of this material is to be confused with the synodal letter of Antioch whose text is provided in Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica 7. Expressions of thanks or praise should be sent directly to the reviewer, using the email address in the review. A discussion of “Hellenistic” and “Judeo-Christian history writing” (on which, see below) leads her to pronounce that the History“must be placed within the frames of the traditional Hellenistic-Roman history writing…regarding time,…subject, form and style” (84), though the text articulates apologetic arguments too.4 The strongest part of the book comes next (89-107), as Verdoner untangles Eusebius’s carefully inflected self-descriptions as “I” or “we” (the latter sometimes including Christians from centuries before Eusebius, sometimes including Eusebius’s readers ) and as an exceptionally book-smart savant. To mention each by name would be a long task, if not indeed impossible. And each genre (or combination of genres) implicated a text’s narrator-author into a different relationship between subject matter, the narrator’s voice, and readers (both implied and actual) – a nexus that represented a major concern for Eusebius (see esp. 101 N. Merion Ave., Verdoner’s reading of the History as a unified ideological presentation is a suggestive experiment and an important corrective to studies that divide the text according to one or another compositional hypothesis or that emphasize Eusebius’s sources to the exclusion of his authorial agenda. Comments are moderated. Others were mutilated by cutting off their noses and ears and hands, and cutting to pieces the other members and parts of their bodies, as in Alexandria. Eusebius was the author of the Chronicon, a history of the world from the famous peoples of antiquity to the year 303 (later continued to 325), and the Historia Ecclesiastica, a history of the Church from its beginning up to the year 324, as well as many apologetic, exegetical, and dogmatic works. 2. To establish the text’s significance, Verdoner’s introduction sketches the History‘s wide reception from late Roman to modern times (4-17). The first of the five books begins with some geographical background and then sketches the history of England, beginning with Caesar's invasion in 55 BC. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima about AD 314. Eusebius of Caesarea , also known as Eusebius Pamphili (from the Greek: Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμϕίλου), was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. Barnes, “Eusebius of Caesarea,” Expository Times 120 (2009), 6f.). 30. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337. For such things were humane in their sight, and the lightest of punishments for us. her tributes to the New Historicism, 2, 21, 29). Credit for laying the historical foundation for recent Eusebian scholarship goes largely to T. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge, MA, 1981). eccl. The limbs of some were broken, as in Cappadocia. The work was originally written in Greek, although Latin, Armenian, and Syriac versions were also preserved. 12, tr. Arthur Cushman McGiffert. ), Three Greek Apologists (2007); she also discusses the Eusebian narrator’s relationship with his audience trenchantly in “Überlegungen zum Adressaten von Eusebs Historia ecclesiastica,” Zeitschrift für antikes Christentum 14 (2010). A disciple of Pamphilus at Caesarea, Eusebius wrote a life of his master and called himself "of Pamphilus." 340), one of the early church's great polymaths, produced significant works as a historian (Ecclesiastical History), geographer (Onomasticon), philologist, exegete (commentaries on the Psalms and Isaiah), apologist (Preparation for and … As if the earth could not bear such excellence, the worshipers of demons commanded to cast them into the sea. Preaching's Preacher's Guide to the Best Bible Reference for 2014 (Old Testament Commentaries) Eusebius of Caesarea (ca. 15. I: Eusebius Pamphilus. BMCR provides the opportunity to comment on reviews in order to enhance scholarly communication. CHRONICI CANONES/HISTORIA ECCLESIASTICA 475 that it is in this year that one finds a synchronism of five local eastern calendars—those of Antioch, Tyre, Laodicea, Edessa, and Ascalon—with Year 2 of Probus.12 The first problem with the date of 277 is that Eusebius would only have been at most seven- teen years old when he wrote the chronicle.13 This is virtually … The History was published in at least three editions between Constantine’s and Licinius’ securing joint rule in 313 and Constantine’s deposing Licinius in 325, as R. Burgess has shown in “The Dates and Editions of Eusebius’ Chronici Canones and Historia Ecclesiastica,” Journal of Theological Studies 48 (1997) (but cf. Thereby Verdoner will explain “the cultural negotiations attending the turn into a post-Constantinian Christianity” (2): situating her reading within the new historicism, she dispenses explicitly with the older (to adapt a term from Herodotean and Thucydidean studies) “Eusebian questions” of compositional sequence and historical accuracy to focus instead on the History as an ideological document. 8. Eusebius of Caesarea (c. AD 263 – 339) also called Eusebius Pamphili, was a Roman historian, exegete and Christian polemicist.He became the Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine about the year 314. It is recommended that readers unfamiliar with narratology consult an introductory guide to the field, such as M. Bal, Narratology (Toronto, 2009). The fourth chapter outlines how Eusebius constructs an ideal Christian community, unifying and arranging bishops, martyrs, and scholars across time, space, and rank within a Christian ethnos while systematically excluding “heretics,” Judeans, and pagans (109-147).6 While Eusebius’s stereotyped presentation of both insiders and outsiders creates a unified, pious Christian nation, Verdoner shows that certain groups and individuals threatened the stability of Eusebius’s sharp hierarchies and divisions, such as “heresy’s” status as an inversion of Christianity, the problematic border between Hebrews, Judeans, and Christians, and the narrator’s praise of “heretical” and Judean scholars like Tatian, Philo and Josephus. ), Die antike Historiographie und die Anfänge der christlichen Geschichtsschreibung (Berlin, 2005). The first two collapse into one as Verdoner shows that, “Chronologically, geographically, and politically, the Roman Empire appears as the borders of the church and as the entire world” (160). In Pontus, others endured sufferings horrible to hear. e note di Mons. Ông trở thành giám mục Caesarea Maritima khoảng năm 314. Besides all these, others encountered other trials, which it is impossible to recount; for their manly endurance surpasses all description. See also the recent collections of A.-C. Jacobsen, and J. Ulrich (eds.) Suffolk: Boydell and Brewer and the Ecclesiastical History Society, 2000. Recent assessments of the History include D. Mendels, The Media Revolution of Early Christianity (Grand Rapids, 1999), T. Morgan, “Eusebius of Caesarea and Christian Historiography,” Athenaeum 93 (2005), Morlet, “Écrire l’Histoire selon Eusèbe de Césarée,” L’Information Litteraire 57 (2005), and Ulrich, “Eusebius als Kirchengeschichtsschreiber,” in E.-M. Becker (ed. Neglect of the particular culture for which Eusebius wrote (as well as contemporary debates in which he participated) obscures Eusebius’ contributions to “the larger renegotiation of Christianity’s position within the Roman Empire” (187). One of these is referred to here from 3O3-313 A.D. a. Available online from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Id., Storia ecclesiastica e I Martiri della Palestina, testo greco con trad. 5. On Christianity as a nation in Eusebius’s writings, see esp. Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica, ed. Others endured on their bowels and privy members shameful and inhuman and unmentionable torments, which the noble and law-observing judges, to show their severity, devised, as more honorable manifestations of wisdom. 3. Little is known about his life. (Historia Ecclesiastica, Eusebius, c. 325). In these conflicts the noble martyrs of Christ shone illustrious over the entire world, and everywhere astonished those who beheld their manliness; and the evidences of the truly divine and unspeakable power of our Saviour were made manifest through them. The narrator presents a narrative that is “out there” in texts and waiting for its teller, and its coalescence elevates the book that carries it into a sacred monument.5. Nevertheless, Verdoner’s discussion of Eusebius’s narrative tactics and construct of Christianity will be fundamental in coming studies of the Ecclesiastical History. Some of the best recent work on the History has treated circumscribed topics within the text, such as its quotational practice (E. Carotenuto, Tradizione e innovazione nella Historia Ecclesiastica di Eusebio di Cesarea (Bologna, 2001)), and portrayal of “heretics” (M. Willing, Eusebius von Cäsarea als Häresiograph (Berlin, 2008)). And new tortures were continually invented, as if they were endeavoring, by surpassing one another, to gain prizes in a contest. Verdoner aims “to map the historical space implied in historia ecclesiastica” (1), by “regard[ing] text as a construction of meaning, drawing upon the surrounding cultural system, and thus becoming more than a by-word for the unique creation of the narrator- author” (2). Thus they destroyed themselves. Louth, A. Introduction. Eusebius’ subtlety and comprehensiveness as a polemicist against non-Christian ethnic groups (Ulrich, Kofsky, A. Johnson, Schott, Morlet), his manipulation of previous written texts and innovative use of the technology of books (Carriker, Inowlocki, Grafton and Williams, Morlet), his skill in adapting Christian theology in dialogue with Platonist metaphysics and various theological critiques (Strutwolf, Kofsky, Johnson, Morlet, Schott, Zamagni), and even his vision of Christian society (Hollerich, Johnson, Morlet) have become the subjects of a number of recent volumes.1 Yet this renaissance has covered Eusebius’s various authorial themes and aims unevenly, devoting relatively little attention to Eusebian historiography, and particularly to his most-read (or, better, most-cited) work, the Ecclesiastical History.2 The lag in attention to the History is understandable for at least two reasons. ), Eusebius and the Making of Late Antique Literary Culture (Washington DC, 2012). The ecclesiastical history of Eusebius Pamphilus, bishop of Cesarea, in Palestine Item Preview Eusebius of Caesarea was allegedly a historian of Christianity who lived between 263 and 339 AD. ], implicitly recognizes the challenges in distinguishing between suicide and genuine martyrdom among Christians who did kill themselves to avoid violence. Why need we mention the rest by name, or number the multitude of the men, or picture the various sufferings of the admirable martyrs of Christ? Their fingers were pierced with sharp reeds under their nails. Some, raised on high by the feet, with their heads down, while a gentle fire burned beneath them, were suffocated by the smoke which arose from the burning wood, as was done in Mesopotamia. Educated hellenophones in Eusebius’s day did not distinguish genres of historia simply by their respective authors’ ethnicity: rather, any Greek historian had numerous subgenres from an 800-year tradition of historical writing available to emulate, so that Greek and non-Greek narrator-authors alike produced lengthy national histories, shorter war monographs, geographies and ethnographies, local histories, chronographies, and biographies, and combinations of several genres, each presuming different respective interests and education in audiences. Thus they were caught in the nets of the soldiers. Henry Valois, Paris, 1659, sig. Eusebius thành Caesarea (tiếng Hy Lạp: Εὐσέβιος, Eusébios; ad 260/265 – 339/340; tiếng Việt: Êusêbiô), còn gọi là Eusebius Pamphili, là một nhà sử học, nhà chú giải, và nhà biện minh Kitô giáo người Hy Lạp. For they said that it was not fitting that the cities should be polluted with the blood of their own people, or that the government of their rulers, which was kind and mild toward all, should be defamed through excessive cruelty; but that rather the beneficence of the humane and royal authority should be extended to all, and we should no longer be put to death. On the demonic causes of heresies in the Historia ecclesiastica … As fresh probing of the History is overdue, Marie Verdoner’s new book, a translated revision of her 2007 Danish dissertation at the University of Aarhus, is a welcome study. It was written in Koine Greek, and survives also in Latin, Syriac and Armenian manuscripts. E. Ezek 4:6 a day for a yr. = 1O years 1. He was also known as Eusebius Pamphili, taking the surname from his friend and mentor Pamphilus of Caesarea, whose expansive library—founded by Origen—provided Eusebius with historical records for his later works. He was an immensely prolific writer, although his treatments of some issues are inadequate and his historical accounts are often selective and difficult to distinguish from apologetics; some have denounced him as dishonest, though his works are nevertheless of great value, preserving in excerpts many sources that would have otherwise been lost. [o iv v] ‘Vnus patrum memoria exstitit Iosephus Scaliger, qui praecipiti quadam audacia ac maledicendi libidine abreptus, hanc doctrinae gloriam, quam nec adversarij Eusebio unquam inviderent, ei adimere conatus est. Some, shrinking from the trial, rather than be taken and fall into the hands of their enemies, threw themselves from lofty houses, considering death preferable to the cruelty of the impious. She also notes that the Eusebian narrator’s famous use of quotations confirms the “external coherence” discussed in her introduction and edifies readers (65f.). Eusebius fled to the Egyptian desert following the martyrdom of Pamphilus during the persecutions under Diocletian, but was arrested and imprisoned. In Book 2 of the Ecclesiastical History, Eusebius narrates the suicide of a woman of Antioch—by legend, St. Pelagia—and her two daughters who, to avoid sexual violation by the Roman soldiers guarding them, ended their lives by throwing themselves into a river. Verdoner points to (1) the agency of God and the teleology of his plan and (2) the Judean and Christian historians’ direct quotation of texts. It must be noted that the book is marred by numerous grammatical errors, typos, colloquialisms, and awkward phrasings.10. Eusebius’ greatest contribution is Historia Ecclesiastica (Church History), an extensive history of the Christian Church from the time of the apostles until about A.D. 323, just before the Council of Nicaea. A certain holy person,—in soul admirable for virtue, in body a woman,—who was illustrious beyond all in Antioch for wealth and family and reputation, had brought up in the principles of religion her two daughters, who were now in the freshness and bloom of life. He traced his intellectual descent to Origen, and with Pamphilus wrote a defense of Origen against the … So that now on account of this kindly treatment accorded us by the impious, it was impossible to tell the incalculable number of those whose right eyes had first been cut out with the sword, and then had been cauterized with fire; or who had been disabled in the left foot by burning the joints, and afterward condemned to the provincial copper mines, not so much for service as for distress and hardship. A. Johnson, Ethnicity and Argument in Eusebius’ Praeparatio Evangelica (2006). He is commonly believed to have become the bishop of Caesarea Maritima around 314 AD. ixf.). Eusebius, Chronographia Constantine was the ruling spirit at Nicaea and he ultimately decided upon a new god for them. T. Christensen, Rufinus of Aquileia and the Historia Ecclesiastica, Lib. Or of others who preferred to thrust their right hand into the fire rather than touch the impious sacrifice? Therefore it was commanded that our eyes should be put out, and that we should be maimed in one of our limbs. Chapter 3 moves on to the History‘s genre, which Verdoner introduces as the key to its authority. When the woman saw herself and her daughters thus helpless, and knew the things terrible to speak of that men would do to them,—and the most unbearable of all terrible things, the threatened violation of their chastity,—she exhorted herself and the maidens that they ought not to submit even to hear of this. Eusebius, referred to as Eusebius of Caesarea, was the first and most prominent historian of early Christianity. 10. Sozomen Historia Ecclesiastica 1.15. eusebius of caesarea ecclesiastical history Nov 11, 2020 Posted By Erle Stanley Gardner Media TEXT ID f43a28f9 Online PDF Ebook Epub Library emperor led a party of moderates and made the first draft of the famous creed the ecclesiastical history of eusebius pamphilus c 326 translated by cf cruse 1842 church Eusebius’s narrative (at ... of Aquileia (343–411),” SP 17.1 (1982): 357–64, at 357–58. For one, the History‘s multifaceted intertextuality – between 40 and 50 percent of the text consists of direct quotations of varying correspondence to their Vorlagen – demands wide knowledge of both Eusebius and his sources and frustrates attempts to identify where sources’ voices end and Eusebius’ begins. For, she said, that to surrender their souls to the slavery of demons was worse than all deaths and destruction; and she set before them the only deliverance from all these things,—escape to Christ. 9. Her perceptive readings and fresh approach make this book a necessary acquisition for any scholar working on Eusebius and profitable for students of late Roman historical writing. Today,… ), Reconsidering Eusebius (Leiden, 2011), as well as the forthcoming A. Johnson and J. Schott (eds. eccl. Eusebius was the most prominent and powerful of Arius’ supporters in the years surrounding the latter’s condemnation at the Council of Nicaea in AD 325. 260--ca. Eusebius took part in the expulsion of Athanasius of Alexandria (335), Marcellus of Ancyra (c. 336), and Eustathius of Antioch (c. 337). Some of them were slain with the axe, as in Arabia. Rather than being grounded from the start in Eusebius’s late Roman milieu, the book sketches Eusebius’s literary culture only in its third chapter. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon and is regarded as one of the most learned Christians of his time. Eusebius, a learned man and famous author, enjoyed the favour of the Emperor Constantine. She then draws from poststructuralist theorists her study’s guiding principle that historical narrative’s combination of internal causal chains and coherence with perceived external realities serve to model power relationships for their audiences and retroject them into a plausible past (17-30). On genre in ancient historiography, see the important essay of J. Marincola, “Genre, Convention, and Innovation in Greco-Roman Historiography,” in C. Kraus (ed. Verdoner’s second chapter sketches Eusebius’s life and works briefly before discussing the composition, structure, and narrative techniques of the History. The Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, or An Ecclesiastical History of the English People is Bede's best-known work, completed in about 731. Origen, Eusebius, Athanasius (Frankfurt, 2007) and S. Inowlocki and C. Zamagni (eds. After having passed through several phases of editing, this Historia ecclesiastica comprised ten books in its final form. At the Council of Nicaea in 325 he sat by the emperor, led a party of moderates, and made the first draft of the famous creed. The oeuvre of Eusebius of Caesarea – bishop, book collector and editor, theologian, polemicist, chronicler, propagandist, and, to some in his lifetime, “heretic” – has not always been appreciated. On the cautious presentation of the early fourth-century controversies in which Eusebius took part see A. Cameron and S. G. Hall, Eusebius, Life of Constantine, Oxford 1999, 258. He was excommunicated by the synod of Antioch for this view; however, he was later exonerated by the emperor Constantine I. Eusebius played a role in the council of Nicaea in 325, where he tried to reconcile the opposing parties while repudiating extreme Arianism. This is the essential reason why in both ancient and modem ... 7 e.g. EUSEBIUS (c. 260/70 – c. 339), a Christian bishop of Caesarea in Palestine from 314, was a leading early Christian historian, exegete, and apologist. Indeed, Inowlocki and Zamagni excluded studies of the Ecclesiastical History from their recent volume (previous note; see their “Preface,” pp. Marginalizing Eusebius the author to tackle the text’s narratorial voice, Verdoner contrasts the History‘s annalistic and therefore discontinuous structure in books 1-7 (concerning events before Diocletian’s persecutions) with the involved and passionate narration of recent persecutions in books 8-9, narration that (I concur) transforms reader into spectator. It may cause some confusion that Verdoner nowhere introduces readers to the technical narratological terms that she employs throughout the monograph, except where at 89 n. 121 she explains why she uses “narrator” instead of “Eusebius”: so confusion may result around such technical terms as “focalize,” “focalizer” and “focalization” ( passim), or “internal analepses” and “prolepses” (150). Yet since the late 1990s his early works from before Constantine became sole Roman emperor in 324 have drawn a groundswell of scholarly of attention from historians, classicists and theologians. And after arranging their garments suitably, they went aside from the middle of the road, having requested of the guards a little time for retirement, and cast themselves into a river which was flowing by. 4. The Church History (Greek: Ἐκκλησιαστικὴ ἱστορία; Latin: Historia Ecclesiastica or Historia Ecclesiae) of Eusebius, the bishop of Caesarea was a 4th-century pioneer work giving a chronological account of the development of Early Christianity from the 1st century to the 4th century. For the infliction of this punishment upon us should be stopped in consequence of the humanity of the rulers. ——. Eusebius briefly mentioned Mani, whom he called a “madman,” and his religion, which he considered a “perverse heterodoxy” and “a devil-possessed heresy,” as well as “a deadly poison that came from the land of the Persians” ( Hist. But here Verdoner presupposes a distinction between “Hellenistic” and “Judeo- Christian” historiographies, even though she is at pains to delineate differences between these two traditions.8 Indeed, it is unclear how, in early fourth century Greek literary culture, an narrator-author’s ethnicity conditioned readers’ expectations about the blending of form, content, and rhetoric – in short, the genre – of a historiographical text. 1. 7.31.1-2). Many Others, both Men and Women, who suffered in Various Ways. Apologetics in the Church History of Eusebius,” in Jacobsen and Ulrich (eds. To make a very long and detailed story short, the council could not come to a decision on just one god they all From Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Philip Schaff, ed., New York: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1890, Vol. He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospeland On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Bi… A commentary on the History is also in the works: for a prospectus, see L. Perrone, “Eusèbe de Césarée face à l’essor de la littérature chrétienne,” Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 11 (2007). This account occurs among reports of other martyrs who endured extraordinary suffering without resorting to suicide and, as does the more celebratory account of the self-drowning of Pelagia later given by Ambrose [q.v. Giuseppe Del Ton, Desclée & C. Editori Pontifici, Roma, 1964; Id., Storia ecclesiastica, a cura di F. Maspero e M. Ceva, Collana Classici di Storia, Rusconi, Milano, 1979 ISBN 978-88-18-16450-3 EUSEBIUS. Verdoner’s discussion of the History‘s authority, which she links to its genre, would have benefited from consultation of Marincola’s classic Authority and Tradition in Ancient Historiography (Cambridge, 1997). Eusebius remained in the emperor’s favour, and, after Constantine’s death in 337, he wrote his Life of Constantine, a panegyric that possesses some historical value, chiefly because of its use of primary sources. at the council of nicaea in 325 he sat by the emperor led a party of moderates and made the first draft of the famous creed eusebius and of these at least forty were ... ecclesiastical history of eusebius pamphilus c 326 translated by cf cruse 1842 church history of eusebius historia ecclesiastica by philip schaff et al 1885 st john and the On non-Greeks writing “apologetic histories” in Greek in the Hellenistic and early Roman period, see G. Sterling, Historiography and Self-Definition: Josephos, Luke-Acts, and Apologetic Historiography (Leiden, 1991), an important study of which Verdoner appears unaware. A brief account of Christianity in Roman Britain, including the martyrdom of … He lived most of his life in Caesarea Maritima. Appointed under Constantine as court historian, Eusebius wrote both religious and secular histories, as well as several Christian apologies. She also rightly reaffirms that for Eusebius historical agency lies ultimately with God, whose victory in a cosmic struggle with the devil is a foregone conclusion, but whose Providence, manifested in Christ’s teaching, binds the church into continuity with God’s people in the Hebrew Scriptures. Ejus verba si quis cupit cognoscere, inter testimonia veterum collocavimus; non quod ejus judicium … However, attributions of agency alone constitute no sound basis for a generic distinction, and Verdoner herself concedes in a footnote that Greek and Roman historians quoted texts too, and in ways similar to Judean and Christian historians (71 n. 17). A few examples: the repeated use of “quote” as a noun; “the taxing style…resulting in the text getting an alluding character” (52); “although the lack of descriptions [ sic ] may be typical for the work as a whole, it is not consequent” (53); “…catching the room of communication with the reader…” (89 n. 121); “…the non-episcopal learned receiving the most attention is Origen.” (113); “there is no consistent discern between schismatics and heretics” (145). For another, the History‘s complex and disputed compositional history has hindered scholars from mapping out the discursive contexts that it addresses.3. To involve British factions, he ruled that the name of the great Druid god, Hesus , be joined with the Eastern Savior-god, Krishna ( Krishna is Sanskrit for Christ ), and thus Hesus Krishna would be the official name of the new Roman god. But at the close of these calamities, when finally they could contrive no greater cruelties, and were weary of putting to death, and were filled and satiated with the shedding of blood, they turned to what they considered merciful and humane treatment, so that they seemed to be no longer devising terrible things against us. Bryn Mawr PA 19010. From the time of Nero there were 1O persecutions 2. Melted lead, bubbling and boiling with the heat, was poured down the backs of others, and they were roasted in the most sensitive parts of the body. The Holy Land, Holy Lands, and Christian History. Alongside these suggestive readings, however, a tension develops between the book’s aims and the path adopted to reach those aims: whereas Verdoner purports to explain the History‘s success in forming Christian collective memory and identity in the milieu in which Christianity gained power, her transtemporal orientation vis-à-vis what history does (chapter 1) marginalizes the particular habitus of the History‘s elite Roman audiences, running the danger of dehistoricizing the text (cf. Diocletian persecution occurs during this time D. Rev 2:1O describes this: `` and you shall have ten... And imprisoned under their nails Land, Holy Lands, and survives also in Latin, Armenian and..., 2, 21, 29 ), colloquialisms, and Christian.... Enhance scholarly communication also preserved s apologetic strategies and targets in “ Transgeneric Crosses besides all,. This Historia ecclesiastica, ed eyes should be sent directly to the heresy of Arius who did kill themselves avoid. 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