The formal history of the Church of England is traditionally dated by the Church to the Gregorian mission to England by Augustine of Canterbury in AD 597. Following the death of Edward, his half-sister the Roman Catholic Mary I (reigned 1553 – 1558) came to the throne. So did Jesus found the Church? Desiring control over religious dictates in order to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon, he had himself (as opposed to the Pope) declared to be the supreme head of the Church in England. [8] MacCulloch commenting on this situation says that it "has never subsequently dared to define its identity decisively as Protestant or Catholic, and has decided in the end that this is a virtue rather than a handicap. The purpose of the work, along with the Ten Articles of the previous year, was to implement the reforms of Henry VIII in separating from the Roman Catholic Church and reforming the Ecclesia Anglicana. They mobilized support in parliament, which twice rejected the revisions after intensely heated debates. He was also against papal encroachments on secular power. The Dissolution of the Monasteries and the seizure of their assets by 1540 brought huge amounts of church land and property under the jurisdiction of the Crown, and ultimately into the hands of the English nobility. That is, those Protestants who dissented from the Church of England such as Baptists, Congregationalists and Quakers were allowed their own places of worship and their own teachers and preachers, subject to acceptance of certain oaths of allegiance. At the time of the English Reformation the four (now six) Welsh dioceses were all part of the Province of Canterbury and remained so until 1920 when the Church in Wales was created as a province of the Anglican Communion. Each Christian community appointed a central bishop who would have authority and by 160 AD most cities had a Christian bishop. Temple was troubled by the high degree of animosity inside, and between the leading religious groups in Britain. When Paul wrote his letter to Christians at Rome towards the end of his third missionary journey, he was communicating with what appears to be a firmly established collection of believers in that city. A later archbishop, the Greek Theodore of Tarsus, also contributed to the organisation of Christianity in England. Pope Gregory issued more practicable mandates concerning heathen temples and usages: he desired that temples become consecrated to Christian service and asked Augustine to transform pagan practices, so far as possible, into dedication ceremonies or feasts of martyrs, since "he who would climb to a lofty height must go up by steps, not leaps" (letter of Gregory to Mellitus, in Bede, i, 30). Hence, following Lanfanc's death in 1090, a number of bishops took advantage of the vacancy to obtain secular constitutions for their cathedrals – Lincoln, Sarum, Chichester, Exeter and Hereford; while the major urban cathedrals of London and York always remained secular. Give proper credit when necessary. Over the period known as the Apostolic Age, which runs from Jesus' death to about 100 AD, the Early Church wrestled with the extent to which it was a Jewish sect or a new religion. The works of most famous authors such as John Milton, Herman Melville, John Dryden and William Wordsworth are deeply inspired by it.[16]. He founded the Lollardmovement, which opposed a number of practices of the Church. I will give you the keys to the kingdom of heaven. Excavations have demonstrated that the reformed monastic cathedrals of Canterbury, Winchester, Sherborne and Worcester were rebuilt on a lavish scale in the late 10th century. "[11] The introduction of the Great Bible in 1538 brought a vernacular translation of the Scriptures into churches. Only under Henry's son Edward VI (reigned 1547 – 1553) did the first major changes in parish activity take place, including translation and thorough revision of the liturgy along more Protestant lines. In 1072, following the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror and his archbishop Lanfranc sought to complete the programme of reform. Without doubt the life, death and resurrection of Jesus was the inspiration for the start of the Church. From this passage it is very obvious that Christ is the builder or founder of the New Testament church and that he calls this church his church. Under the Protectorate of the Commonwealth of England from 1649 to 1660, Anglicanism was disestablished, presbyterian ecclesiology was introduced as an adjunct to the Episcopal system, the Articles were replaced with a non-Presbyterian version of the Westminster Confession (1647), and the Book of Common Prayer was replaced by the Directory of Public Worship. When Queen Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558, a solution was thought to have been found. However, the pope's authority was again explicitly rejected after the accession of Queen Elizabeth I when the Act of Supremacy 1558 was passed. In 601 Mellitus, Justus and others brought the pope's replies, with the pallium for Augustine and a present of sacred vessels, vestments, relics, books, and the like. It would become a source of great argument during the 17th century, but later revisions were not of great theological importance. The bishops of Ely and Winchester lived in London as did the Archbishop of Canterbury. But the reality is slightly more complex. Probably influenced by his wife, Æthelberht asked Pope Gregory I to send missionaries, and in 596 the Pope dispatched Augustine, together with a party of monks. Such constitutional changes made it not only possible for Henry to have his marriage annulled but also gave him access to the considerable wealth that the Church had amassed. The Authorised Version is often referred to as the King James Version, particularly in the United States. The earliest historical evidence of Christianity among the native Britons is found in the writings of such early Christian Fathers as Tertullian and Origen in the first years of the 3rd century, although the first Christian communities probably were established some decades earlier. Finally, Emperor Constantine was a crucial figure in making Christianity an established religion, rather than a persecuted minority group. 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