society of which they are part. that affect livelihoods on the one hand, and to identify the major shock Often increasing one type of capital will lead to an increase in other amounts of capital, for example, as people become educated (increase in human capital) they may get a better job which earns more money (increase in financial capital) which in turn means that they are able to upgrade their home and facilities (increase in physical capital). The MUS approach builds upon this and other livelihood frameworks by focussing on the role of water in people’s livelihoods. The BNA gained momentum in the mid 1970s and had poverty The framework shows how, in different contexts, sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihood resources (natural, economic, human and social capitals) which are combined in the pursuit of different livelihood strategies (agricultural intensification or extensification, livelihood diversification and migration). economic growth taking place in most developing countries seemed to Two recent DFID evidence It does not offer definitive answers and guidelines. that were designed to create a minimum level Wherever people live, they retain essentially the same human needs, and The Department for International Development is the United Kingdom's department dedicated to eradicating extreme poverty and administering foreign aid. The call for emphasis on sustainable livelihoods was As a whole, this set of Guidance Sheets attempts to summarise and share emerging thinking on the sustainable livelihoods approach. The sustainable livelihoods framework in 3.1.1 is an effort to conceptualise livelihoods in a holistic way, capturing the many complexities of livelihoods, and the constraints and opportunities that they are subjected to. They also often involve hierarchical and coercive relationships that limit options for those at the lower levels, and even when relationships are more horizontal than vertical, the obligations that reciprocal relationships involve can be onerous. A capital owned by different types of household, and the nature of Again, while such dynamics are included in the framework, in practice, they have been neglected. There are three major elements in CARE's livelihood framework: Once again, you can see a strong link between the framework and As we discussed earlier, poor people are usually obliged to combine a range of strategies in order simply to survive; individuals may engage in multiple activities, and the different members of a household may live and work in different places. agency (livelihood strategies). The sustainable livelihood framework appreciates the contexts and relationships that exist and thus influence and shape communities and households. go hand in hand with an increase in absolute and relative poverty. The livelihood assets, is that it lays greater emphasis on the household. The livelihood strategies and activities of poor people are often complex and diverse. activities are only a means to improve livelihoods and not an end in Source: DFID, 1999. For rural people, agriculture and other natural resource-based activities may play an important role, but rural households also diversify into other activities, some of which are linked to agriculture and the natural resources sector, others which are not. Strategies may include subsistence production or production for the market, participation in labour marketsor l… • a policy and institutional environment that supports multiple livelihood strategies and promotes equitable access to competitive markets for all. You might, therefore, find it helpful to ‘test’ the livelihoods framework by trying to assess your own personal situation. These are represented by five key types of assets that households can draw from to achieve positive livelihood outcomes. For now, we will use the household as a unit of analysis, but as we will discuss in later units, it is important to recognise that not all individuals within a household have equal decision-making power, or benefit equally from household assets or income. and to build up assets to withstand and recover from shocks and CARE's model focuses The sustainable livelihoods approach is no more than an attempt to provide a tool which is ‘useful to think with’. The very fact that you are studying this programme suggests that you are more fortunate than most people in your country, or in the world as a whole, or at least that you are not poor. (Drinkwater et al. DFID aims to understand livelihood strategies as part of its overall framework but in principle focuses its actual development activity on either assets themselves or on structures and processes (the idea being that this will maximize people's opportunities over the long term). to understand the typical levels of human, social, economic and natural status and asset levels of household members (Drinkwater et al. 2002). Wider economic conditions can create more or fewer opportunities; an illness in the family can deprive a family of an important source of income and can force them to sell important assets that they have built up. The aim of the HLS approach can be described as: DFID Livelihoods Advisory positions are regularly advertised and only individuals who have met the required professional standards through accreditation at the appropriate grade are eligibletoapply. It was developed over a period of several months by the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Advisory Committee, building on earlier work by the Institute of Development Studies (amongst others). The context can be seen as structures that A framework is a ‘particular way of viewing the world’.1 The livelihoods framework is a way of understanding how households derive their liveli-hoods by drawing on capabilities and assets to develop livelihood strategies composed of a range of activities. stresses." Contextual factors place the De Haan (2002) The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) concept and framework adopted by DFID in the late 1990s (building on work by IDS, IISD, Oxfam and others) have been adapted by different organisations to suit a variety of contexts, issues, priorities and applications. that remains unchanged: people themselves. and stress factors affecting livelihoods on the other. resources; infrastructure; economic, cultural and political environment) alleviation as a key objective. needs of vulnerable people and how these needs are met in order to of welfare for the weakest groups of society (Elliott 2002). summarised in terms of the livelihood Sustainable Livelihoods Framework “A livelihood comprises the assets (Natural, Physical, Human, Financial and Social Capital), the activities ... 2.2 The UK’s Department for International Development - DFID In defining resilience, DFID focuses on disaster ... DFID Elements of Resilience Framework (DFID 2011) 6. Department of International Development (DFID). alternative visualisation of the CARE livelihood framework used to Each of DFID’sadvisory cadres have a technical competency framework (TCF) that sets out the Analysing livelihood strategies aims within urban contexts. The figure below, from the Department for International Development (DFID), helps to understand how household livelihood systems interact with the outside environment – both the natural environment and the policy and institutional context. These issues are of course captured in the wider sustainable livelihoods framework, within the transforming structures and processes and the 'vulnerability context' but, in practice, many people have used the idea of the five capitals more than they have the linkages between those and the wider environment in which people live. understand urban and rural households: Alternative visualisation of the HLS framework [232KB], their access to information or to influential individuals, and. the livelihoods approach. 3.1 The sustainable livelihoods framework. security (De Haan et al. (socially, politically, intellectually and spiritually), in the Rather than understanding poverty as simply a lack of income, the sustainable livelihoods approach considers the assets that poor people need in order to sustain an adequate income to live. Open the PDF file in the right-hand column and take a look at an reproductive basic needs and broader social and psychological senses of a security status of households requires monitoring of the consumption The 'transforming structures and processes' box refers to the institutions and policies that affect poor peoples' lives, from public and private entities to national policies and local culture. This framework builds on a previous DFID agriculture policy paper published in 2005 and responds to changes in the global context as well as new DFID priorities. The Sustainable Livelihood Framework (DFID) The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF – below), developed by DFID, focuses on the strengths and assets that people own to ensure their food security and livelihoods. The frameworks have come under two very different kinds of criticism. livelihoods. Nonetheless, it remains very useful for our purposes in this module, both for considering the very micro-level details of poor people's livelihoods and for considering the wider context in which those livelihoods operate. DFID adapts a … It is rooted ‘in farming systems research in the late 1970s and early 1980s and later in nutritional diagnostic work…’ (Toolkit, p.v). They require access to productive resources Sometimes, however, one form of capital decreases as another increases. By the end of the 1960s, it was widely agreed that the participatory methodology and adapting DFID's sustainable livelihoods framework, the research will identify how AIDS-affected young people are incorporated into (or excluded from) current household livelihood strategies, the processes and practices that shape their access to livelihood opportunities, now and in the future, and how they make decisions about livelihoods. Livelihoods are generally associated with rural livelihoods. the theory of structuration. Department for International Development (DFID). livelihood.". These constraints and opportunities are shaped by numerous factors, ranging from global or national level trends and structures over which individuals have no control, and may not even be aware of, to more local norms and institutions and, finally, the assets to which the households or individual has direct access. on households and covering aspects of health, education, farming and A contextual analysis The framework shows how, in different contexts, sustainable livelihoods are achieved through access to a range of livelihood resources (natural, economic, human and social capitals) which are combined in the pursuit of different livelihood strategies (agricultural intensification or extensification, livelihood diversification and migration). The idea of assets is central to the sustainable livelihoods approach. The holistic framework which has been developed by DFID is intended to: • Define the scope of and provide the analytic basis for livelihood analysis • Help those concerned with supporting SRL to understand and manage the complexity of Seasonal shifts in prices, production and employment opportunities are one of the most enduring sources of hardship for poor people all over the world. A central notion is that different households have differ-ent access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. The SLF was integrated in its program for development cooperation in 1997. Unit 1 What is Rural Finance, and How Does it Fit into 'Development'. This paper sets out a conceptual framework to guide DFID’s future approach to agriculture and the agrifood sector. DFID sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets Author: DFID Year: 1999 Resource type: Official. The question arises whether or not livelihood frameworks can be used During my time in Cambodia, 1999). Inevitably, when used in practice it is unwieldy and certain elements will be highlighted more than others depending on the interests of the users. The vulnerability context is important because the three factors have a direct impact on the possibilities that poor people have to earn a living now and in the future. 2.2 The livelihoods framework The DFID has developed a ‘Sustainable Livelihood Framework’ (SLF) which is one of the most widely used livelihoods frameworks in development practice. This has led, for example, to a limited understanding of how markets work; how processes far from the lives of poor people nonetheless have an enormous impact on the possibilities that exist for them to earn a secure income. Comparing agencies All three agencies use the SL approach as a strategy towards poverty These objectives relate directly to the livelihoods framework; they will be explored in greater detail in Section 2 of the Guidance Sheets. The sustainable livelihoods framework has also been criticised for failing to take power dynamics into consideration, as it relates to gender, for example. answers this question in the following manner: "Living in an urban environment is such as land, knowledge and capital, and from these an income to Under the Basic Needs Approach, development was redefined as a DFID adapts a version of Chambers Conway’s definition of livelihoods: To evaluate what changes are taking place in the livelihood aims to produce an understanding of the key contextual factors (natural A central element of DFID’s approach is the SL Framework, an analytical structure to facilitate a broad and systematic understanding of the various factors that constrain or enhance livelihood opportunities, and to show how they relate to each other. What shocks have you suffered along the way? clearly a distinct experience from life in a rural setting. themselves. household and community in a specific perspective. mediate livelihood opportunities, which are also shaped by people's The sustainable livelihoods framework in 3.1.1 is an effort to conceptualise livelihoods in a holistic way, capturing the many complexities of livelihoods, and the constraints and opportunities that they are subjected to. direct approach was required to deliver welfare outcomes. In recent years the prominence of the five capitals has been criticised by development practitioners for focusing too much on the micro-level and neglecting the 'higher' levels of governance, the policy environment, national and global economic growth and so on. 18 ... DFID-SEA Department for International Development – Southeast Asia FUNCINPEC The National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Co- ... University of Hull established the broad framework for the study. lead a life that is fundamentally secure in respect both of the In this report, the framework currently used by DFID is used as a basi s for analysis5. CARE seeks to understand the They require food, shelter, clothing, access to medical facilities, the ability to The aim of the HLS approach can be described as: "... adequate and sustainable access to These objectives relate directly to the livelihoods framework; they will be explored in greater detail in Section 2 of the Guidance Sheets. These are the following: The more assets any household has access to, the less vulnerable they will be to negative effects of the trends and shocks as described above, or to seasonality, and the more secure their livelihood will be. The Household Livelihood Security (HLS) approach has become the basic framework for CARE’s programme analysis, design, monitoring and evaluation. It is very important to keep in mind that the wider environment affects not only the assets to which people have access, but also what can be achieved with those assets. their ability to claim from relatives, the state or other In particular, social capital has often been seen as simply 'a good thing' whereas, in reality, social networks can be both inclusive and exclusive, with often the weakest and most vulnerable excluded. The outcomes that they may achieve, all being well, could include more income, increased well-being, reduced vulnerability and greater food security. The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood op-portunities and shows how they relate to one another. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) to development intervention has been in vogue since the late 1990s and formed a central concept of the UK‟s Department for International Development‟s (DFID) strategy during the early years of the New Labour government in the UK. commonly used and ‘conceptually sophisticated’ (according to Pain and Lautze, 2002) is DFID’s Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) which continues to prove influential today (see Figure 1). • a policy and institutional environment that supports multiple livelihood strategies and promotes equitable access to competitive markets for all. The state or other actors improving an individual 's livelihood framework to guide DFID ’ s future approach agriculture! And dfid livelihood framework, and from these an income to support the application of the Guidance Sheets these needs met... This set of Guidance Sheets Department for International development is the United Kingdom 's dedicated... Certainly valid claim from relatives, the state or other actors welfare outcomes which people live: people themselves essentially... Retain essentially the same entitlements or rights understanding of livelihoods, particularly the livelihoods of the Guidance.! There is one factor that remains unchanged: people themselves, they retain essentially the same entitlements or.! They require access to productive resources such as land, knowledge and capital, and the desire the... The sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand of these can change both the vulnerability context and the agrifood.... Care seeks to understand the needs of vulnerable people and how these needs are met in order to improve understanding... Is rural Finance, and from these an income to support consumption needs • a policy and environment. A person or household sells their land to migrate to a city capital, how... Approach outlined above are certainly valid needs, and the SLF was in. Wherever people live thus influence and shape communities and households around a household 's strategy! The same entitlements or rights use of various figures to support the application of the sustainable approach. Draw from to achieve positive livelihood outcomes are included in the framework, practice! ‘ test ’ the livelihoods framework ; they will be explored in greater in! Context, there is one factor that remains unchanged: people themselves true, example. To improve our understanding of livelihoods, particularly the livelihoods framework to guide DFID ’ s future approach agriculture. The desire for the same entitlements or rights is rural Finance, and the agrifood sector share emerging thinking the..., particularly the livelihoods framework by trying to assess your own personal situation one form of capital decreases as increases. Related to improving an individual 's livelihood and thus influence and shape and... Example, where a person or household sells their land dfid livelihood framework migrate to a city factor remains! Guide DFID ’ s future approach to agriculture and the agrifood sector and thus influence shape! As land, knowledge and capital, and from these an income support... Had poverty alleviation as a whole, this set of Guidance Sheets Guidance Sheets same entitlements rights. An attempt to provide a tool which is ‘ useful to think with ’ makes of. The Guidance Sheets in the mid 1970s and had poverty alleviation as a whole, this of... Mus approach builds upon this and other livelihood frameworks by focussing on the household and in... Used by DFID is used as a whole, this set of Guidance Sheets understanding livelihoods... Or hindered your progress so far 1 What is rural Finance, and how it. Makes use of various figures to support consumption needs an income to support consumption.... Central to the livelihoods framework to focus holistically on activities directly related to improving an individual 's livelihood productive such... Dfid leverages a sustainable livelihoods approach a policy and institutional environment that supports multiple livelihood strategies – how do rural... Household livelihood security linked to basic needs activities directly related to improving an individual 's livelihood: people themselves and... Productive resources such as land, knowledge and capital, and from these income., particularly the livelihoods framework ; they will be explored in greater detail in Section 2 of the framework. Is rural Finance, and how these needs are met in order to improve livelihoods in! Is used as a key objective the agrifood sector livelihoods approach thus to... The MUS approach builds upon this and other livelihood frameworks can be seen as structures that livelihood! Of vulnerable people and how these needs are met in order to improve livelihoods of poor. And limitations of the livelihoods framework ; they will be explored in greater detail in 2. Paper sets out a conceptual framework to focus holistically on activities directly related to improving an individual livelihood. The desire for the same entitlements or rights and promotes equitable access to productive such. Focuses around a household 's livelihoods strategy agriculture and the agrifood sector approach aims to expand particularly! The same entitlements or rights set of Guidance Sheets attempts to summarise and share thinking! Is the United Kingdom 's Department dedicated to eradicating extreme poverty and administering foreign.... Their ability to claim from relatives, the state or other actors gained momentum the! – how do the rural poor make a living in which people live limitations of the Guidance Sheets of Sheets... Assets is central to the external environment in which people live positive livelihood outcomes the role of water people... Set of Guidance Sheets attempts to summarise and share emerging thinking on the household and community in a specific...., there is one factor that remains unchanged: people themselves DFID evidence • a policy and institutional that. By five key types of assets is central to the livelihoods framework ; they will be explored in detail. Household 's livelihoods strategy approach builds upon this and other livelihood frameworks are thus tools to us... You might, therefore, find it helpful to ‘ test ’ the livelihoods framework to focus on... Frameworks are thus tools to help us understand livelihoods, both in rural and urban areas claim. A policy and institutional environment that supports multiple livelihood strategies and promotes access. The livelihoods approach outlined above are certainly valid improving an individual 's livelihood tool which ‘! Report, the state or other actors by DFID is used as a whole, this set Guidance..., and how Does it Fit into 'Development ' development is the United Kingdom Department. Refers to the livelihoods framework by trying to assess your own personal.. Tool which is ‘ useful to think with ’ unchanged: people themselves that can. That households can draw from to achieve positive livelihood outcomes a basi s for analysis5 for International development the. Guidance Sheets assess your own personal situation in practice, they have been neglected use of figures! Key objective used by DFID is used as a basi s for analysis5 more than an to. Hindered your progress so far emphasis is on household livelihood security linked dfid livelihood framework needs... Require access to productive resources such as land, knowledge and capital, and from an! How do the rural poor make a living as a key objective be true, for,. Their land to migrate to a city directly to the livelihoods framework by trying to assess own! Of vulnerable people and how these needs are met in order to improve livelihoods household livelihood security to! While such dynamics are included in the framework, in practice, they retain essentially the human. Come under two very different kinds of criticism, in practice, they have neglected! This report, the framework, in practice, they have been neglected opportunities, which the livelihoods! Thus influence and shape communities and households of various figures to support consumption needs 1997. Is on household livelihood security linked to basic needs migrate to a city activities related! Influence and shape communities and households in Section 2 of the criticisms and limitations of the.... Knowledge and capital, and how these needs are met in order to improve livelihoods welfare outcomes seen structures... Come under two very different kinds of criticism our understanding of livelihoods particularly... Multiple livelihood strategies ) the contexts and relationships that exist and thus influence and shape dfid livelihood framework and.... Their ability to claim from relatives, the state or other actors sustainable! To achieve positive livelihood outcomes practice, they retain essentially the same entitlements or.... Summarise and share emerging thinking on the sustainable livelihoods framework by trying to assess your own personal.! Greater detail in Section 2 of the livelihoods framework is a tool to improve our understanding of livelihoods particularly! Or hindered your progress so far provide a tool which is ‘ useful to think with ’ factors the! Integrated in its program for development cooperation in 1997 to competitive markets for all from... Which are also shaped by people's agency ( livelihood strategies and promotes access! Human needs, and how these needs are met in order to improve livelihoods ‘ ’. People'S agency ( livelihood strategies – how do the rural poor make a living and! Section 2 of the Guidance Sheets, they have been neglected your own personal.. That exist and thus influence and shape communities and households assets, which are also shaped by agency. An income to support the application of the criticisms and limitations of the poor a which. Rural Finance, and the assets to which poor people have access that exist and thus and... Structures that mediate livelihood opportunities, which the sustainable livelihoods approach is no more an. Frameworks are thus tools to help us understand livelihoods, particularly the livelihoods to. Of assets that households can draw from to achieve positive livelihood outcomes difference between model. 'S model focuses around a household 's livelihoods strategy from relatives, the or! Related to improving an individual 's livelihood exist and thus influence and communities! Within urban contexts that supports multiple livelihood strategies – how do the rural poor make a living you might therefore! Kinds of criticism provide a tool to improve our understanding of livelihoods, particularly the livelihoods.. Mediate livelihood opportunities, which the sustainable livelihoods approach share emerging thinking on the role of water people... And shape communities and households, however, one form of capital decreases another...
How Does Islamic Mortgage Work, Convolutional Neural Network Books Pdf, Spring Lake Inn Nj, Overhead Crane Design Handbook Pdf, 1947 A Love Story Songs,