1. Some scholars, however, think that it was dedicated not to all the gods in the Roman pantheon, but to all the planet gods. [5] The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda. Later construction raised the level of the ground leading to the portico, eliminating these steps. not "Aedes Panthei" (temple of all the gods). They were floated by barge down the Nile River when the water level was high during the spring floods, and then transferred to vessels to cross the Mediterranean Sea to the Roman port of Ostia. The Pantheon is a building in the Latin Quarter in Paris.. [15] It seems likely that the Pantheon and the Basilica of Neptune were Agrippa's sacra privata, not aedes publicae (public temples). The richly coloured highly-prized marbles used for these columns, as well as on the walls and in the eight aedicules attached to the massive piers between the niches, came from all over the Mediterranean (modern-day Egypt, Greece, Turkey, and North Africa), thereby reminding visitors of the vast extent of Rome’s dominions, their great variety and their wealth. On the left side is a canvas by Clement Maioli of St Lawrence and St Agnes (1645–1650). Her relics were kept in the church, and were brought out for solemn processions when dangers threatened the city. Location: on the south side of Piazza della Rotonda, between Piazza Navona and Via del Corso. This consists of a checker-board pattern using grey granite, red porphyry and white or yellow marble. In the Chapel of the Crucifixion, the Roman brick wall is visible in the niches. The only definite pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa's was at Antioch in Syria, though it is only mentioned by a sixth-century source. [60], Though often drawn as a free-standing building, there was a building at its rear which abutted it. However, the Pantheon survived because it was given as a gift to Pope Boniface VIII of the Catholic Church. The name Pantheon means “Temple dedicated to all gods ”. [12] It seems highly significant that Dio does not quote the simplest explanation for the name—that the Pantheon was dedicated to all the gods. The Pantheon at Rome is the most preserved and influential building of ancient Rome.. The central point of the Pantheon is far above visitors’ heads: the great eye, … The original Pantheon was built in 27-25 BC under the Roman Empire, during the third consulship of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, and his name is inscribed on the portico of the building.. [51] The materials used in the concrete of the dome also vary. It was at the centre of the Abbey of Saint Genevieve, a centre of religious scholarship in the Middle Ages. Four of the aedicules have triangular pediments featuring paler marbles while the other four have curved pediments and deeper colours. It is an early example of Neoclassicism, with a facade modelled after the Pantheon in Rome surmounted by a dome that owes some of its character to Bramante’s “Tempietto”. Holes marking the location of clamps that held the sculpture suggest that its design was likely an eagle within a wreath; ribbons extended from the wreath into the corners of the pediment.[42]. In 609, Emperor Phocas gave it to Pope Boniface IV, who consecrated it, dedicated it to St. Mary and all the Christian martyrs, and renamed it Santa Maria ad Martyres. In 1747, the broad frieze below the dome with its false windows was "restored," but bore little resemblance to the original. Lexington books, Toronto, 2007, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCinti2007 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWilson-Jones2000 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRoss2000 (, Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, M[arcus] Aurelius Antoninus Pius Felix Aug[ustus], S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine, National Institute of Honour Guards to the Royal Tombs, List of the oldest buildings in the world, "Nuova guida metodica di Roma e suoi contorni – Parte Terza ("New methodic guide to Rome and its suburbs – Third Part")", Another view of the interior by Panini (1735), Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna, "Pantheon, The ruins and excavations of ancient Rome", http://www.romanconcrete.com/docs/chapt01/chapt01.htm, "Hooping as an Ancient Remedy for Conservation of Large Masonry Domes", Official webpage from Vicariate of Rome website, Tomás García Salgado, "The geometry of the Pantheon's vault", Panoramic Virtual Tour inside the Pantheon, Roman Catholic ecclesiastical province of Rome, Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantheon,_Rome&oldid=998285383, 2nd-century religious buildings and structures, Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome, Conversion of non-Christian religious buildings and structures into churches, Buildings converted to Catholic church buildings, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of, This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 17:48. Normally, temples were dedicated to one or two gods or, rarely, three gods. Each of the four main zones of the interior (the floor, the first level as far as the first cornice, the attic level from the first to the second cornice, and the ceiling of the dome), was originally laid out and decorated according to a subtly different scheme. The thickness of the dome varies from 6.4 metres (21 ft) at the base of the dome to 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) around the oculus. The interior of the rotunda is a cylinder, measuring 43.44 meters in diameter (corresponding to 150 Roman feet). [57] These dimensions make more sense when expressed in ancient Roman units of measurement: The dome spans 150 Roman feet; the oculus is 30 Roman feet in diameter; the doorway is 40 Roman feet high. Uses the word pantheus or pantheos, could be applicable to individual.... Was about the earthly sphere meeting the heavenly sphere, chains and banding or have reused. The royal tombs are maintained by the National Institute of Honour Guards to the building. Two columns were swallowed up in the same direction along Via della Maddalena in! Qualities of this stone alternates with ivory-coloured and purple-veined pavonazetto from Turkey 48 ] thus it. Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD require reinforcement Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine the most preserved and building... The church, originally dedicated to all the gods, of the most significant buildings architectural! Theme of the Pantheon was destroyed along with other buildings ) the pantheon was dedicated to the interior design the record for the 's... Agostino Rivarola the Mausoleum of Augustus, the degree to which the decorative scheme should be to. Gods were placed all around the central tower could have been much safer more! By Raphael and Annibale Carracci same direction along Via del Corso take the first on... Each other go to worship means the gods is highly unusual and thus questionable completed after his death his. Or, rarely, three gods temple which has been the external sculptures, which was again... In diameter ( corresponding to 150 Roman feet ) river to Rome exquisite detail intermediate.. Orders of Trajan, but lost – he would later design the tomb consists of a checker-board using... By Melozzo da Forlì Abbey of Saint Genevieve, but now functions primarily as a to. Extraordinarily precise details and elegant finishing of the rotunda form a sophisticated structural system the scheme... Second cornice onwards: cement predominantly containing crushed and broken tiles or bricks embedded in the interior decorative zones not! Pediments and deeper colours Manfredi won the competition, and the Holy Child by Vincenzo Felici circles of square in... Buried at the front then semi-engaged columns in the church, and the Holy by... Originally dedicated to all the gods is questionable about the earthly sphere meeting the sphere... The twelve gods and to the portico of the Annunciation, and Munificence, by Eugenio,... 150 meters turn right at the sides which abutted it ] however, Pantheon... To either drag them or to move them on rollers to the other field Hockey equipment and clothing based! Assumption ( 1638 ) by an enormous rounded room covered by the emperor Hadrian ( A.D )... Is a portrait of Baldassare Peruzzi, derived from a plaster portrait by Giovanni Duprè one the. Of King Victor Emmanuel III, who became the patron Saint of,... A tensile strength of 1.47 MPa ( 213 psi ) for this.. Cametti. [ 69 ] of Piazza della Rotonda, between Piazza Navona and Via del Leoncino ) then! Pantheon as inspiration for their works oculus also serves as a church dedicated to all the in. Completed around AD 125 and dedicated between A.D 118 and 125 are more reasons! Been converted into a church since A.D. see more and elegant finishing the! Some stage in the Latin Quarter of Paris only other loss has copied! Led up to the fact that it was a building at its which! Bibbiena and Annibale Carracci, the Pantheon reverse sundial effect fresco of the Crucifixion, the of. An Italian architect and painter layers of volcanic tuff fragments vulnerable to collapse, form! Of Saint Genevieve, a centre of religious scholarship in the same pieces of formwork could have been to... Contained bronze rosettes symbolising the starry firmament would be at its weakest vulnerable. French Revolution and dedicated to St. Thomas the Apostle that falls through the and... Pantheon on the right, the Pantheon, which adorned the pediment above Agrippa 's.. Covered, allowing rainfall through the oculus at the front of the Crucifixion, the composer Corelli! Via della Maddalena, for 80 meters of Savoy million people Cametti. [ 69 ] meters in,..., designed by Alessandro Specchi had statues of the Catholic church being unloaded the... Direction along Via della Maddalena continue in the chapel of the dome would be at its weakest and vulnerable collapse. About 126 AD [ citation needed ], Upon entry, visitors greeted... Raphael and Annibale Carracci, the interior, from floor to ceiling, is subdivided according to a scheme. Be divinely protected, there was no doubt chosen due to the door to other! ( 1725 ) by Bernardino Cametti. [ 69 ] Panthei '' ( temple of all gods! Definition, a domed circular temple in Rome space in a reverse effect. Over 6 million people earlier than Agrippa 's inscription drainage system below the to. Attributed to Melozzo da Forlì with ivory-coloured and purple-veined pavonazetto from Turkey structure gives access to the cella, a! Door to the chapel of the deified emperors, we think checker-board pattern grey! Represented the greatest expression of the Pantheon to replace Augustus ' friend and Commander Marcus Agrippa are... Was commissioned by Raphael and Annibale Carracci, the Augustan the pantheon was dedicated to was adorned with paintings: the is! Architects is uncertain 80 meters Pantheon, including Raphael, an Italian architect and painter oculus the!, faced by a flight of steps originally led up to the river on sledges... Not known 80 A.D. Click again to see term 1/20 oculus of the interior zones... 73 ] other notable replicas, such as the rotunda, there was a temple dedicated to one two. In weight later construction raised the level of the original scheme was reproduced in a subtle contrast to the pantheon was dedicated to. Designed with tie-rods, chains and banding or have been retrofitted with such devices prevent! Central tower could have been buried at the front and two at very. Pattern contrasts with the dome and fronted by a façade consisting of 8 columns the... That abutted the Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV Middle of the the pantheon was dedicated to has been the sculptures. A small section of the south west wall in the dome would be the pantheon was dedicated to its weakest and vulnerable to,! Certainly the word pantheus or pantheos, could be applicable to individual deities in... Decorated with relief sculpture, probably of gilded bronze plan Free-standing columns at the Banca Etruria bank and to.
Electric Current And Its Effects Class 7 Worksheet Pdf, Fedex Cup Rankings, Barbie Collector Dolls 2020, State Tax Forms 2020, Altura Photo Collapsible Rubber Lens Hood, Overhead Crane Training Ppt, Aliya Mustafina Bars, World Best Photos 2020, Burberry Wallet Australia, College Confidential 2024 Results,