Change- The use of exposed brick was first thought of as unfit for buildings of this size, however this building shows a more accepted use of brick. From the Forum of Augustus – Piece from a female statue of Victory, 2 BC, Gilded bronze. Funeral Banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui) - Han D... 193. in honor of his victory over Dacia (now Romania) 101-02 and 105-06 C.E. Peplos Kore from the Acropolis - Archaic Greek... 27. E. Packer, (ed. The three-story eastern market, known as Trajan's Market, buttressed the excavated edge of the Quirinal Hill. The building consisted of three parallel halls separated by annexes and was known as the Athenaeum; it functioned variously as school, a venue for judicial proceedings, and an occasional meeting-place for the Senate.[9]. And prince Ormisda ... standing beside him, replied with pleasing wit: "First, emperor, command the construction of a stable like this, so that the horse you wish to have made can find as appropriate a setting as that we have before our eyes. Interpretation- Their is a current scholarly debate over which way the column is supposed to be viewed. The ground level alcoves are of uneven depth due to the fact that they were constructed followin… Built by the emperor Trajan with the spoils of war obtained from the conquest of Dacia, and inaugurated, according to the Ostian Fasti, in 112, the forum was arranged parallel to the Forum of Caesar and … [1] The construction began between 105 and 107;[2] according to the Fasti Ostienses the Forum was inaugurated in 112. Catacomb of Priscilla - Late Antique Europe -... 47. Folio from a Qur'an - Islamic, Abbasid Dynast... 186. The David Vases - Zhang Wenjin - Yuan Dynasty... 201. [6][2] Via a doorway in the far east wall of the Forum, one gained entry to an open courtyard with a portico, which communicated in turn with the adjacent Forum of Augustus. [5], The tuff walls which enclosed the piazza to the west and east featured exedrae; outside the exedrae, separated by streets, were markets of concentric shape. Lindisfarne Gospels - Early Medieval (Hiberno ... 53. The Column of Trajan was set up in the middle of the circular piazza located on the western edge of the Forum of Trajan. The Forum consisted of a sequence of open and enclosed spaces, beginning with the vast portico-lined piazza measuring 300 metres (980 feet) long and 185 metres (607 feet) wide, with exedrae on two sides. Trajan's Forum (Latin: Forum Traiani; Italian: Foro di Traiano) was the last of the Imperial fora to be constructed in ancient Rome. Bayeux Tapestry - Romanesque Europe - c. 1066-... 58. This forum was built on the order of the emperor Trajan with the spoils of war from the conquest of Dacia, which ended in 106. This was explicit in the dedicatory inscription. Forum of Trajan – Trajan Markets - Imperial Roman - c. 106-112 CE - brick and concrete Form Function Content Context Tradition/Change Interpretation Artistic Intent Audience Response Responses due by: Sunday, December 15, 2019 11:59 PM … Had access to the southeast, with a central opening of three arches and two sides of a single arch, framed by columns and crowned by groups of statues, as we confirm the reproduc… Trajan's Column was erected and then inaugurated in 113. In modern times only a section of the markets and the column of Trajan remain. Photograph of the Forum of Trajan taken from the Victor Emmanuel II Monument in Rome, Italy. Grave Stele of Hegeso - attributed to Kallimac... 35. Church of Sainte-Foy - Romanesque Europe - c. ... 63. It has a spiral bas relief, which shows the wars … Head of a Roman Patrician - Republican Roman -... 39. 155 scenes are depicted in the reliefs, which illustrate the two wars waged by Trajan that ended in the conquest of Dacia, namely the First and the Second Dacian Wars. Mckenna Form- Constructed of brick and concrete. The main entrance was at the south end of the piazza, through a triumphal arch at the center commemorating the Dacian Wars, decorated with friezes and statues of Dacian prisoners. By Markus Trunk. form- marble columnsfunction- a hub of activity and shopping for the citizenscontent- multiple levels with archescontext- built in rometradition- built for the use of civiliansaudience response- used widely by many people who could buy things or make money selling them. The Column of Trajan was dedicated later than the other major monuments of Trajan's Forum. A number of columns which historically formed the Basilica Ulpia remained on site, and have been re-erected. Vestiges of the arch were found later in the century, including friezes which depicted scenes from the Dacian Wars, according to the descriptions of Flaminio Vacca.[5]. The Forum should make us think about the goals of archaeology and the importance of archaeological context. Full Identification: Forum of Trajan Rome, Italy Apollodorus of Damascus Forum and markets: 106-112 CE; Artisitc intent- These buildings were meant to mimic Trajan's great expansion of … P. Zanker conjectures that the colossal bust of Caesar from the Farnese Collection (Naples, Museo Nazionale Inv. First, from the fragmentary text of Dio (68.16.3) we have a brief remark on the completion of Trajan's new Forum; this is immediately followed by an equally brief note (68.17.x) that Trajan [12] In the late-16th century, the whole area of the Imperial Fora, which by then lay 3–4 meters below ground, was built-up during a wave of urban expansion and the area became known as the Alessandrino district. The complex was built at one end of Trajans Forum and includes buildings that had a number of different functions, predominantly commercial. Fast Download Speed ~ Commercial & Ad Free. The Forum and column of Trajan, the Baths of Trajan, the Aqua Traiana aquaduct, and the re-habilitated banks of the Tiber are examples of his work at Rome. The Trajan’s Forum, also remembered as Forum Ulpium in some sources, is the largest and most monumental of the Imperial Forum of Rome, the last in chronological order. Column of Trajan and the Forum of Trajan www.thebyzantinelegacy.com/trajan-column The position of – and very existence of – the temple dedicated to the deified Trajan is a matter of hotly contested debate among archaeologists, particularly clear in the ongoing debate between James E. Packer and Roberto Meneghini. A forum was needed for tasks in government and administration, but also served as a city square and market place. You can find help from many of our most experienced users on the Community Forums . Athena at Pergamon - Hellenistic Greek... 38. The inscription on the … CONTENT- Basicila Ulpiao The Basicila laid the foundation for the modern cruciform church o Called the Basilica Ulpia because that is Trajan's family name- The free standing and other art that would have been scattering the forum depict the power of the emperors, politicians and military leaders of ancient Rome Dacian prisoner, originally from Trajan’s Forum (Arch of Constantine, Rome) The overall perspective of sculptural execution of the Figure Types suggests a remarkable degree of applied detail, and a willingness to incorporate elements of empirical observations. Built by the emperor Trajan with the spoils of war obtained from the conquest of Dacia, and inaugurated, according to the Ostian Fasti, in 112, the forum was arranged parallel to the Forum of Caesar and perpendicularly to … From the Roman Imperial Period. The Fasti Ostienses record that Trajan dedicated the Basilica Ulpia and his Forum on 1 January A.D. 112, the same day on which the 2 Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon - H... 37. It will be the biggest and most magnificent Emperor’s forum … Forbidden City - Ming Dynasty, Chinese - c. 1... 205. (Acropolis cont.) Trajan's Forum en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_of_Trajan. Merovingian looped fibulae - Early Medieval Eu... 54. Context- This column stood in Trajan's forum. Seated Boxer - Hellenistic Greek - c. 100 BCE ... 40. [12], In 1526 the arch which formed the entrance to the Forum was demolished by the maestri di strade, Rome's Commissioners of Streets, which caused the Conservatore Francesco Cenci to submit a report to Rome's municipal government seeking redress for the destruction. Trajan (/ ˈ t r eɪ dʒ ən / TRAY-jən; Latin: Caesar Nerva Traianus pronounced [ˈkae sar ˈnɛr.wa t rajˈjaːnʊs]; 18 September 53 – 8 August 117) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117. Section 1: Multiple Choice . This area, which lies under the so-called Exedra Arborea Garden, was covered by ground works in reinforced cement in the 1930’s but as a result of the damage suffered from over 70 years of use, a radical reorganisation and restoration project was required. Trajan ’s column, erected in 113 CE, stands in Trajan's Forum in Rome and is a commemorative monument decorated with reliefs illustrating Roman emperor Trajan’s two military campaigns in Dacia (modern Romania). In 46 BCE, Caesar returned to Rome to celebrate four consecutive triumphs. Audience response- people went there to sell their items as well as buy items. The Forum of Trajan was the final, and largest, of Rome’s complex of so-called “Imperial fora”—dubbed by at least one ancient writer as “a construction unique under the heavens” (Amm. Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple - Na... 84. Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well and Jacob Wre... 49. Latin authors were wont to mock Forum of Trajan – Trajan Markets - Imperial Ro... 45. Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun, Pompe... 38. Il Foro di Traiano è il più grande di tutti i Fori Imperiali. Hagia Sophia - Early Byzantine Europe - c. 532... 51. Chartres Cathedral Cont. NandiniForm: Multilevel mallFunction: Used as a civic and ceremonial place for the peopleContent: barrel vaulted shopsContext: Was built by Apollodorus of DamascusTradition/Change: With the building of the forum, the focus was more on the people than on the rulers, the rulers were giving back to the people instead of taking away from them.Audience response: made the common people happy because they were getting the land that was taken away from them back in the form of civil spaces. Middle-level meanings, which conveyed ideologies, were deliberately chosen to communicate an underlying theme or message, which in the context of the Forum of Augustus and the Forum of Trajan were related to power, wealth, control, stability, and the status of the emperor. Context- The original market had 150 shops. Santa Sabina - Late Antique Europe - c. 422 -... 48. Constantius II, while visiting Rome in the year 357,[10] was amazed by the huge equestrian statue of Trajan and by the surrounding buildings: But when he [Constantius II] came to the Forum of Trajan, a construction unique under the heavens, as we believe, and admirable even in the unanimous opinion of the gods, he stood fast in amazement, turning his attention to the gigantic complex about him, beggaring description and never again to be imitated by mortal men. Anavysos Kouros - Archaic Greek - c. 530 BCE -... 26. ", In the mid-9th century, the marble cobble blocks of the piazza were systematically taken for re-use, because of the good quality of the lime. View ForumOfTrajan_KatherineFernandez_p1.pdf from CAPSTONE 4128 at Barbara Goleman Senior High. [7] Between the Basilica Ulpia and the terminal piazza containing the temple, were two libraries, one housing Latin documents and the other Greek documents. (Acropolis cont.) Excavations & Related studies (1998-2008). Context- The Basilica is named after the Trajan's family name : Ulpius. Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel - Italian Gothic - c.... 191. Excavations in the Column court indicate that there were pre-existing roads and buildings on site, thus the mountain was the Quirinal slope cut back for the Forum piazza, northeast hemicycle, and the Markets of Trajan., northeast hemicycle, and the Markets of Trajan. Browse this content A beginner's guide Tiny timeline: ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in a global context… Longmen Caves - Tang Dynasty, Chinese Buddhis... 194. From the Forum of Trajan – Statue of a standing man with body armor, 112 AD. Winged Victory of Samothrace - Hellenistic Gre... 36. Get any books you like and read everywhere you want. into the context of similar structures in Rome itself, in the Greco-Roman East and – most importantly – in Trajan’s other huge forum in Roman Spain (Tarragona). Travelers Among Mountains and Streams - Fan K... 196. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}41°53′44″N 12°29′09″E / 41.89556°N 12.48583°E / 41.89556; 12.48583, Fritz Heichelheim, Cedric Veo, Allan Ward(1984);A History of the Roman People; Prentice-Hall; Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, J. E. Packer and J. Burge, “Templum Divi Traiani Parthici et Plotinae: a debate with R. Meneghini,”, "A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome". Temple of Minerva - Etruscan - c. 510-500 BCE ... 29. Notable structures include Trajan's Column, Trajan's Forum, Trajan's Bridge, Alcántara Bridge, the road and canal around the Iron Gates (see conquest of Dacia), and possibly the Alconétar Bridge. Pliny the Younger was born in Novum Comum (Como, Northern Italy) around 61 AD, the son of Lucius Caecilius Cilo, born there, and his wife Plinia Marcella, a sister of Pliny the Elder. The section of the Museum dedicated to the Forum of Trajan is found in the lower section of the Markets of Trajan. Trajan rose to prominence during the reign of emperor Domitian. Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan - unknown-bas... 206. The Column of Trajan was dedicated later than the other major monuments of Trajan’s Forum. Context: The patron of this forum was Marcus UlpiusTrajanus. The complex included a covered market, small shop fronts and a residential apartment block. Apollo (Temple of Minerva) - Etruscan - c. 510... 31. Content- The building itself was semicircular shaped. Latin authors were wont to mock the futile vanity of the potentates who sought to achieve immortality through the construction of monuments since those same monuments … The Forum of Trajan is so magnificent because of its size and its contents. The Fasti Ostienses record that Trajan dedicated the Basilica Ulpia and his Forum on 1 January A.D. 112, the same day on which the emperor assumed his sixth consulship.2 These events were presumably arranged to happen together and they were Our story begins during the last of these triumphs, which commemorated Caesar’s victory over Pompey’s lieutenants in Africa – a controversial move, since it was thought improper to triumph over fellow Romans. Context. The ground level shallow alcoves opened onto a street and were used for small shops whilst there were more shops in the arcades above. The Column of Trajan was dedicated later than the other major monuments of Trajan’s Forum. ; Basic Statistics: Some fundamental figures and facts about the Column. Although misleadingly designated by some later writers as a provincial, his Ulpia gens came from Umbria and he was born a Roman citizen. 1 built work. A Brief History of Trajan’s Column – A monument erected in commemoration of Emperor Trajan’s victory over the Dacians (who lived in what is now modern Romania) in two military campaigns, Trajan’s Column was completed in the year of circa 113 AD – incidentally when the Roman Empire reached its greatest geographical extent.Located in what is now Trajan’s Forum … 6038) originates from the context of Trajan’s Forum. During the time of the construction, several other projects took place: the construction of the Market of Trajan,[1] the renovation of Caesar's Forum (where the Basilica Argentaria was built) and the Temple of Venus Genetrix. Acropolis Plan and The Parthenon - Iktinos and... 34. The Kaaba - Islamic Pre-Islamic monument; red... 182. 53 , d. 117 C.E.) Emperor Trajan is planning the building of a monument for eternity: the Forum Trajanum. The context of the new Dacian’s find-spot is reported as being from the period of the ruination of the Forum in the ninth century, probably a result of two large earthquakes in 801 and 847, which toppled ancient monuments across the city. The ascending stories of the forum are visible in the foreground; in the background, a long street leading up to the Baths of Diocletian is In fact, the column, as well as the whole forum, celebrates only the military achievements of Trajan. Great Mosque - Islamic, Umayyad Dynasty - c. 7... 55. Function- Was used as a place to house different shops. The Trajan’s Forum, also remembered as Forum Ulpium in some sources, is the largest and most monumental of the Imperial Forum of Rome, the last in chronological order. House of Vettii - Imperial Roman - c. 2nd Cent... 32. The forum comprises two parts: a large public square or piazza (Area Fori), flanked by colonnades and closed at one end by a perimeter wall and at the other by the Basilica Ulpia, which effectively divided this part of the forum (which was dedicated on January 1, AD 112), from the Column of Trajan and libraries that were hidden behind it and from the Temple of Divine Trajan, all of … ORIGINAL CONTEXT/ SITE/ INTENDED FUNCTION OF THE WORK: (Overlap to #6) 6. Retorica, memoria, immagini. If you are interested in Rome itself you might want to do a bit of research on the great Forum of Trajan which was extremely impressive, and which can still be visited today. The Forum of Trajan is the biggest and, to this day, best preserved of the so-called Emperor’s forums in Rome that were erected by Caesar, Augustus, Nerva, and Trajan to supplement the Forum Romanum. Trajan was born in Italica, close to modern Seville in present-day Spain, an Italic settlement in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. [2], Along the piazza's north side was the Basilica Ulpia, and north of that was a smaller piazza, with a temple dedicated to the deified Trajan on the far north side facing inwards. Although our historical evidence is poor, as it is for much of the reign of Trajan, two sources provide some context for the date of 12 May A.d. 1x3. The Forum of Trajan. About Trajan's Forum • This was the biggest, the greatest, and the last of the Imperial Forums to be built in 116 AD/CE by the renowned Roman architect Apollodorus. Physical Description. [2][4] The open space of the Forum measured about 300 feet by 380 feet, and was paved entirely in Carrara marble. Pyxis of al-Mughira - Islamic, Umayyad Dynasty... 56. San Vitale Early - Byzantine Europe - c. 526 -... 50. The Column of Trajan, inaugurated in 113 C.E., is a main feature of the Forum of Trajan and is, in its own right, a masterwork of Roman art. Function: Two libraries surround the Trajan Column. Sarcophagus of the Spouses, c. 520 B.C.E., Etruscan, painted terracotta, 3 feet 9-1/2 inches x 6 feet 7 inches, found in the Banditaccia necropolis, Cerveteri (Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia in Rome) ; column completed 113 C.E. 53 , d. 117 C.E.) This was explicit in the dedicatory inscription. The Basilica Ulpia, which closed the plaza by the fund, has only been partially excavated. It is possible that the excavations were initiated under Emperor Domitian, while the project of the Forum was completely attributed to the architect Apollodorus of Damascus,[1] who also accompanied Emperor Trajan in the Dacian campaign. This physical object is part of the collection entitled: ARTsource ... General view N of eastern portions of the Forum of Trajan, including Market of Trajan. Portrait of Sin Sukju (1417-1475) - Joseon Pe... 204. It is the largest basilica of imperial Rome, with a length of 170 meters and a width of nearly 60 and whose name derives from the adjective of the emperor (Marco Ulpia Trajan). It started off as a swampy burial ground, but got drained when Tarquin (I think the Elder) built the Cloaca Maxima (big sewer) to drain it. San Vitale (continued) Justinian and Theordora... 51. Trajan's Column is a Roman triumphal column in Rome, Italy.It was built to remember Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.It was probably built by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus at the order of the Roman Senate.It is in Trajan's Forum, near the Quirinal Hill, north of the Roman Forum.It was completed in AD 113. Rottgen Pieta - Late Medieval Europe - c. 1300... 61. Virgin (Theotokos) and Child Between Saints Th... 52. Rome, Archaeology News: The Reappearance of the Temple of Trajan & The Athenaeum in Rome (September 2011). is calculated, according to sources as 19 years, 6 months, and 15 days, stating the date of 28 January 98 A.D. as dies imperii. Unique under the heavens The Column of Trajan may be contextualized in a long line of Roman victory monuments, some of which honored specific military victories and thus may be termed “triumphal monuments” and others that generally honor a public career and are thus “honorific monuments”. Trajan's Forum Location Regio VIII Forum Romanum Built in 106–112 AD Built by/for Emperor Trajan Type of structure Imperial fora Related Quirinal Hill, Capitoline Hill, Trajan's Column, Trajan's Market Trajan's Forum (Latin: Forum Traiani; Italian: Foro di Traiano) was the last of the Imperial fora to be constructed in ancient Rome. Chartres Cathedral - Gothic Europe - c. 1145-1... 59. Constructed on three different levels into the terraced hillside behind, access to the various parts was provided via connecting staircases. The Roman Forum was the Original Forum that existed since the time of Romes' kings. Buddha - Gandharan - c. 400-800 CE (destroyed... 181. Breve studio dei monumenti (Roma 2001). (cont.) Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) - Polykleitos - Roma... 33. The epigraphic evidence from the Forum of Trajan shows that this forum was the most important public venue for the honorific statues of senators in the city of Rome in the fourth and fifth centuries a.d.These dedications celebrated the achievements of individual senators, and thereby helped to promote an image of a coherent senatorial order whose members were … By considering the Column within the context of Roman funerary monuments, I argue that [8], Trajan's successor Hadrian added a philosophical school adjacent to the piazza containing the Temple of Trajan. After the excesses of Domitian, Trajan brought in a new concept of imperial power, founded on the choice of the best, the optimus princeps, designated in life and then adopted as a son. “The False Triumph” 46 BCE. [1] The libraries housed state archives including the acts of the Emperors and the edicts of the praetors. To build this monumental complex, extensive excavations were required: workers eliminated a ridge connecting the Quirinal and Capitoline (Campidoglio) Hills. Trajan’s Column in Rome has served as a prominent landmark and a symbol of imperial power of the capital city since it was dedicated at the height of the emperor’s reign in 113 CE. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus - Late Imperial Ro... 46. Tomb of the Triclinium - Etruscan - c. 480-470... 31. Forum and markets: 106–112 C.E. The marble column is of the Roman Doric order, and it measures 125 feet (38 metres) high together with the pedestal, or base, which contains a chamber that served as Trajan’s tomb. Home Visual Resources Center Digital Image Collection Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy, porticoes, exedra, colored marble paving. Between the libraries stood the 38-metre (125-foot) Trajan's Column. (Acropolis cont.) Alhambra - Islamic, Nasrid Dynasty - c. 1354-1... 57. Trajan’s Column in Rome has served as a prominent landmark and a symbol of imperial power of the capital city since it was dedicated at the height of the emperor’s reign in 113 CE. [1] The architect Apollodorus of Damascus oversaw its construction. ; column completed 113 C.E. it. Form: Use of equestrian sculpture showing Trajan on horse. The construction of the Via dei Fori Imperiali in 1933 covered a number of these columns, which remain visible under the arches on which the road runs. View of the Forum of Trajan, c. 112 C.E., the Column of Trajan can be seen behind the columns of the Basilica Ulpia. Trajan’s Market is the name given in the early 20th century CE to a complex of buildings in the imperial fora of Rome constructed in 107-110 CE during the reign of Trajan. Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, Museo Storico Nazionale dell'Arte Sanitaria, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trajan%27s_Forum&oldid=1000360551, Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 20:09. Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and Ki... 60. Over 300,000 cubic meters of soil and rock were excavated and dumped outside the Porta Collina.[2][3]. Schedule of classes and topics Jan. 26 Dedicated to Emperor Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus b. The Forum should make us think about the goals of archaeology and the importance of archaeological context. ; Early Documentation: Reproductions, Drawings and early photographs (including a full set of the Cichorius Plates) of … In Order to Read Online or Download The Forum Of Trajan In Rome Full eBooks in PDF, EPUB, Tuebl and Mobi you need to create a Free account. Portico within Trajan's Forum with beautiful ceiling and another white/gold marble floor theme. Trajan expanded the Roman Empire to its greatest extent, celebrating his victories with this monumental column. - Notre Dame de la Be... 60. Trajan’s Column, monument that was erected in 106–113 ce by the Roman emperor Trajan and survives intact in the ruins of Trajan’s Forum in Rome. As far as the Trajan period of Caesar’s Forum is concerned, the Museum has a few pieces of the decorative elements used for the Temple of Venus Genetrix. Marc. They were replaced with concrete, showing that the piazza was still in use as a public space. The column stood in the middle of the piazza, set between the two libraries, the Greek and Latin libraries, which were located on the northern and southern edge, and the Funerary Temple of Trajan, which stood to the west of the column, and sealed the piazza. Speculation is that they contained the soldier-emperor's account of the Roman-Dacian Wars. Rome, Italy. Marcus Ulpius Traianus, now commonly referred to as Trajan, reigned as Rome’s emperor from 98 until 117 C.E. Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel, Lamentation - Italia... 63. Forum of Trajan; 112 A.D. By: Apollodorus of Damascus Made out of marble, brick, bronze, and stone Approximately 300 X 185 meters Function: Forums are made as civic spaces such as social, commerical, and political centers. Significant because placed in the middle of the forum. Pantheon - Imperial Roman - c. 118-125 CE - co... 45. The Forum of Trajan is the greatest of all Imperial Forums. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_of_Trajan Strobist info: Long exposure capture. The acropolis - Archaic Greek - c. 1145-1... 59 served as a City square and market place Emperors the. Great Temple - Na... 84 similar to the ways the Egyptians used them Sin Sukju ( ). Medieval Eu... 54 's account of the Spouses - Etruscan - c. 1066-... 58, closed... Lady Dai ( Xin Zhui ) - Medieval -... 50 the eastern! Piece from a female Statue of a Roman citizen were used for small shops whilst there were more in. Zhang Wenjin - Yuan Dynasty... 201 and the edicts of the praetors on... 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