In contrast to norm, Agumbe in the Shivamogga district receives the second highest annual rainfall in India. Sharp temperature contrasts between sunny and shady slopes, high diurnal temperature variability, temperature inversions, and altitude-dependent variability in rainfall are also common. Thousands of people have been displaced by ongoing sea level rises that have submerged low-lying islands in the Sundarbans. [437] According to the 2011 census, Kerala has a 93.91% literacy, compared to the national literacy rate of 74.04%. There is a belief that, once a year during the Onam festival, Mahabali returns to Kerala. As of March 2002, Kerala's banking sector comprised 3341 local branches: each branch served 10,000 people, lower than the national average of 16,000; the state has the third-highest bank penetration among Indian states. During summer, the Bay of Bengal is subject to intense heating, giving rise to humid and unstable air masses that morph into cyclones. One folk etymology derives Kerala from the Malayalam word kera 'coconut tree' and alam 'land'; thus, 'land of coconuts',[22] which is a nickname for the state used by locals due to the abundance of coconut trees. Sreekumar, Vayalar Rama Varma, V. Madhusoodanan Nair, M.T. Malayalam films carved a niche for themselves in the Indian film industry with the presentation of social themes. [278] Around 1.050 million fishermen haul an annual catch of 668,000 tonnes as of a 1999–2000 estimate; 222 fishing villages are strung along the 590-kilometre (370-mile) coast. The state has the highest media exposure in India with newspapers publishing in nine languages, mainly English and Malayalam. [212] In 2012, Kerala still received the highest remittances of all states: US$11.3 billion, which was nearly 16% of the US$71 billion remittances to the country. Tropical cyclogenesis is particularly common in the northern reaches of the Indian Ocean in and around the Bay of Bengal. There is a huge variation in the climatic conditions of Himachal Pradesh due to variation in altitude (450–6500 metres). The southern slopes of the western Himalayas, well-exposed to the monsoon, get heavy rainfall. [320] Kerala's population more than doubled between 1951 and 1991 by adding 15.6 million people to reach 29.1 million residents in 1991; the population stood at 33.3 million by 2011. [167] Some of Kerala's drier lowland regions average only 1,250 mm (49 in); the mountains of the eastern Idukki district receive more than 5,000 mm (197 in) of orographic precipitation: the highest in the state. [84][85], Remote regions of Jammu and Kashmir such as Baramulla district in the east and the Pir Panjal Range in the southeast experience exceptionally heavy snowfall. Though they provide rice paddy farmers with a largely dependable source of natural irrigation and fertilisation, the floods can kill thousands and displace millions. The accidents are mainly the result of the narrow roads and irresponsible driving. Based on the Köppen system, India hosts six major climatic sub types, ranging … [130][131][132] His government implemented land and educational reforms. [12] The Himalayas, along with the Hindu Kush mountains in Pakistan, prevent cold Central Asian katabatic winds from blowing in, keeping the bulk of the Indian subcontinent warmer than most locations at similar latitudes. India's lowest recorded temperature was −60.0 °C (−76 °F) in Dras, Ladakh. In South India, particularly the hinterlands of Maharashtra, parts of Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh, somewhat cooler weather prevails. [75] The Israeli (Jewish) connection with Kerala started in 573 BCE. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRavindranathBalaSharma2021 (, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, "Age of initiaotion of collision between India and Asia: A review of stratigraphic data", "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification", "Extreme Weather Events over India in the last 100 years", "Drass, World's Second Coldest Inhabited Place", "India Just Set A New All-Time Record High Temperature - 51 Degrees Celsius", "Climatological Normals for Indian Stations", "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)", "Average temperature over India projected to rise by 4.4 degrees Celsius: Govt report on impact of climate change in country", "Extreme heat in India and anthropogenic climate change", "Investigation of multi-model spatiotemporal mesoscale drought projections over India under climate change scenario", 10.1659/0276-4741(2002)022[0316:ASPPTS]2.0.CO;2, "Agriculture Crop Residue Burning in the Indo-Gangetic Plains—A Study Using IRS-P6 AWiFS Satellite Data", 10.1175/1520-0450(1971)010<0169:NOHSD>2.0.CO;2, "Climate of the Late Permian and Early Triassic: General Inferences", "Pre-Monsoon Western Disturbances in Relation to Monsoon Rainfall, Its Advancement over Northwestern India and Their Trends", "Prediction of Western Disturbances and Associated Weather over the Western Himalayas", "Out-of-India Gondwanan Origin of Some Tropical Asian Biota", "Long-Term Climate Variability and Change over Monsoonal Asia", "Age of Initiation of Collision Between India and Asia: A Review of Stratigraphic Data", "The Aeolian Sedimentation Record of the Thar Desert", "The Generation Mechanism of the Western Disturbances over the Himalayas", "India's Forgotten Farmers Await Monsoon", "Air India Reschedules Delhi-London/New York and Frankfurt Flights Due to Fog", Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, "Snow Fall and Avalanches in Jammu and Kashmir", "Early Warning Signs: Coral Reef Bleaching", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_India&oldid=1001557369, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 January 2021, at 06:03. [27], The earliest Sanskrit text to mention Kerala as Cherapadha is the late Vedic text Aitareya Aranyaka. The hottest month for the western and southern regions of the country is April; for most of North India, it is May. [43] By 9 June, it reaches Mumbai; it appears over Delhi by 29 June. This is definitely the best time to visit Kerala, and this is the main season for tourism. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile states of Travancore-Cochin and Madras. [324] Opportunities for women such as education and gainful employment often translate into a lower birth rate,[citation needed] which in turn, make education and employment more likely to be accessible and more beneficial for women. Almost all of the local festivals in kerala include at least one richly caparisoned elephant. During the season streams and natural springs are replenished. In the month of december, maximum temperature is 88°F and minimum temperature is 81°F (for an average temperature of 85°F). [437] After the first 10 years of schooling, students typically enroll in Higher Secondary Schooling in one of the three major streams—liberal arts, commerce, or science. Until the arrival of the East India Company, the term Malabar was used as a general name for Kerala, along with the term Kerala. Geographically Kerala is divided into three distinct climatic regions. All district except Malappuram district had fertility rate below 2. [512] Rice is a dominant staple that is eaten at all times of day. Subjected to extensive clearing for cultivation in the 20th century,[172]:6–7 much of the remaining forest cover is now protected from clearfelling. Popular hill stations are at Ponmudi, Wayanad, Wagamon, Munnar, Peermade, Ramakkalmedu, Paithalmala of Kannur district, Kodikuthimala, and Nelliampathi. The climate of India comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a vast geographic scale and varied topography, making generalizations difficult. Kerala is a state in the Republic of India.It is in the south-west of the country. Thalassery Cuisine is varied and is a blend of many influences. [516] Popular snacks include banana chips, yam crisps, tapioca chips, Achappam, Unni appam and kuzhalappam. Though they experience hot summers, temperatures during the coldest months generally fall as low as 0 °C (32 °F). [366]:5 Kerala's 13.3% prevalence of low birth weight is higher than that of many first world nations. They cross India diagonally from northeast to southwest. Remember: The climate in Kerala in august ranges from good to very bad depending on the region and city. [199] However, the Kerala Municipality Act envisages a single-tier system for urban areas, with the institution of municipality designed to par with the Gram panchayat of the former system. In 2008, the Persian Gulf countries together had a Keralite population of more than 2.5 million, who sent home annually a sum of US$6.81 billion, which is the highest among Indian states and more than 15.13% of remittances to India in 2008. However, the large indentation made by the Bay of Bengal into India's eastern coast means that the flows are humidified before reaching Cape Comorin and rest of Tamil Nadu, meaning that the state, and also some parts of Kerala, experience significant precipitation in the post-monsoon and winter periods. India's western coast, bordering the more placid Arabian Sea, experiences cyclones only rarely; these mainly strike Gujarat and, less frequently, Kerala. India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle, Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2009. Ongoing and future vegetative changes, sea level rise and inundation of India's low-lying coastal areas are also attributed to global warming. [154] As Kerala's rivers are small and lacking in delta, they are more prone to environmental effects. Climate in Kerala in november Climate in Thiruvananthapuram in november. The annual yield of the sector was estimated as 608,000 tons in 2003–04. [206]:8 The state recorded 8.93% growth in enterprises from 1998 to 2005, higher than the national rate of 4.80%. [211] The state witnessed significant emigration during the Gulf Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s. [64] Officially, 9,803 people died from the storm;[63] unofficial estimates place the death toll at over 10,000. This resulted in a massive flood basalt event that laid down the Deccan Traps some 60–68 Ma,[6][7] at the end of the Cretaceous period. However, from January to February, "western disturbances" bring heavy bursts of rain and snow. The result, denuded hillsides, exacerbates the severity of landslides, since tree cover impedes the downhill flow of water. As Earth's highest and most massive mountain range, the Himalayas bar the influx of frigid katabatic winds from the icy Tibetan Plateau and northerly Central Asia. [citation needed] As a result, women in Kerala have had a much higher standing and influence in the society. The hilly areas experience cold climate whereas the plains and coastal areas have a warm climate. Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. As the Sun's vertical rays move south of the equator, most of the country experiences moderately cool weather. "Fort Cochin in Kerala 1750–1830 The Social Condition of a Dutch Community in an Indian Milieu." Cloudbursts are responsible for virtually all of the region's annual precipitation, which totals less than 300 millimetres (11.8 in). Bounded by Arabian Sea at … This creates an upward spiral for both the women and children of the community that is passed on to future generations. [75][76][77], The highest temperature ever recorded in India occurred on 19 May 2016 in Phalodi, Jodhpur District, Rajasthan at 51.0 °C (123.8 °F). Volume VI. Winter lasts from late November till mid March. During his reign, the Portuguese managed to dominate relations with Kochi and established a few fortresses on the Malabar Coast. [152] Around eight percent of India's waterways are found in Kerala. [480] Some traditional dance forms such as Margamkali and Parichamuttukali are popular among the Syrian Christians and Chavittu nadakom is popular among the Latin Christians,[481][482] while Oppana and Duffmuttu were popular among the Muslims of the state. The name Kerala has an uncertain etymology. Onset dates and prevailing wind currents of the southwest summer and northeast winter monsoons. "Legacies of matriliny: The place of women and the 'Kerala model'. [174][175] The world's oldest teak plantation 'Conolly's Plot' is in Nilambur. [92] Temperature rises on the Tibetan Plateau are causing Himalayan glaciers to retreat, threatening the flow rate of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, and other major rivers; the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of farmers depend on these rivers. [28] Over 10,000 festivals are celebrated in the state every year. [323]:10–12, There is a tradition of matrilineal inheritance in Kerala, where the mother is the head of the household. The highest temperature is often registered in May which is the hottest time. [24] In terms of environmental lapse rate, ambient temperatures fall by 6.5 °C (11.7 °F) for every 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) rise in altitude. [125] Some social struggles against caste inequalities also erupted in the early decades of 20th century, leading to the 1936 Temple Entry Proclamation that opened Hindu temples in Travancore to all castes. He makes note of the 20 or 30 mosques built to cater to the religious needs of the Muslims, the unique system of calculation by the merchants using their fingers and toes (followed to this day), and the matrilineal system of succession. Dust and black carbon, which are blown towards higher altitudes by winds at the southern margins of the Himalayas, can absorb shortwave radiation and heat the air over the Tibetan Plateau. Less and less precipitation falls, and vegetation begins to dry out. [282] This translates to about 6.98 kilometres (4.34 mi) of road per thousand people, compared to an average of 3.88 kilometres (2.41 mi) in the country. About 80% of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season of July–September, which can cause flooding. CMS College, Kottayam, established in 1817, is the first western-style college, and one of the oldest colleges, in India. By the first week of July, the entire country experiences monsoon rain; on average, South India receives more rainfall than North India. Traditional industries manufacturing items; coir, handlooms, and handicrafts employ around one million people. [55][56]:79 Kerala's spices attracted ancient Babylonians, Assyrians and Egyptians to the Malabar Coast in the 3rd and 2nd millennia BCE. [210]:2 While having the opportunities that education affords them, such as political participation, keeping up to date with current events, reading religious texts etc., these tools have still not translated into full, equal rights for the women of Kerala. Another 113 fishing villages dot the hinterland. This article is about the Indian state. Climate data and weather averages in Kozhikode. In the 15th century, the status of Cochin was reduced to a vassal state of Kozhikode. The idol in the temple is taken out on a procession around the countryside atop this elephant. [199] With the enactment of Kerala Panchayati Raj Act and Kerala Municipality Act in 1994, the state implemented reforms in local self-governance. Check the current conditions for Kochi, Kerala, India for the day ahead, with radar, hourly, and up to the minute forecasts. George, Priyadarshan, John Abraham, Ramu Karyat, K S Sethumadhavan, A. Vincent and Shaji N Karun have made a considerable contribution to the Indian parallel cinema. [16][17] Kerala has the lowest positive population growth rate in India, 3.44%; the highest Human Development Index (HDI), 0.784 in 2018 (0.712 in 2015); the highest literacy rate, 96.2% in the 2018 literacy survey conducted by the National Statistical Office, India;[9] the highest life expectancy, 77 years; and the highest sex ratio, 1,084 women per 1,000 men. [100][101][102] They established a trading center at Tangasseri in Quilon during 1502 as per the invitation of the then Queen of Quilon to start spices trade from there. [64], Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the monsoon as a source of water. [397][398], Ancient Christian tradition says that Christianity reached the shores of Kerala in 52 CE with the arrival of Thomas the Apostle, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ. Kuttanad region, also known as Cyberpark tropical cyclogenesis is particularly common in the 15th century, southwest... [ 545 ] Volleyball is another popular sport and is … Origins of June annual rainfall is highly erratic regions. Waves of cold air from Central Asia and southern Asia warmer than Today for Hindus and 1.7 Christians... Of 5.93 per cent, but high humidity makes the air more.. Legacies of matriliny: the Bay of Bengal branch Muslims had the of... Impoverished state in India 1.1 per 100,000 in 2011 the official language of Pooram! [ climate of kerala - wikipedia ] nearly half of Kerala may have been recorded in parts of,. 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